Aluminum alloy is a light metal with good electrical and thermal conductivity and good corrosion resistance. At the same time, the machining performance of aluminum alloy is better than that of traditional metal materials. Aluminum has a low melting point. The recovery rate of aluminum during the entire use and recycling process is not less than 90%. Aluminum alloy has very good reproducibility, so the aluminum alloy is currently the ideal material to realize the lightweight of automobiles.
The use of aluminum alloy parts in automobiles can effectively reduce the weight of the entire automobile, lower the center of gravity of the automobile, and truly realize the lightweight of the automobile. After the weight of the car is reduced, the acceleration performance of the car will be improved in the driving of the car, and the car will be more stable and comfortable, and the noise and vibration will also be improved.
The applications of automotive aluminum alloy in automotive lightweight mainly include aluminum alloy forgings, metal dies castings, aluminum alloy extrusion, and drawing products, etc.
Cast aluminum alloy is widely used in the current automobile lightweight process, mainly used in automobile engines, chassis, wheels, and other structures. The engine has always been called the “heart” part of the automobile, in the cylinder head, cylinder block, piston, etc. The application of aluminum alloy to the parts can not only effectively reduce the overall weight of the engine, but also dissipate the heat generated in the engine work in a timely manner and improve the working efficiency of the engine.
The weldability of the automotive aluminum alloy is worse than that of steel during use. It improves the welding performance and welding quality of aluminum alloy plates and increases the application range of aluminum alloy. Application of hot forming technology, superplastic forming technology, and electromagnetic coincidence forming technology to improve the formability and forming quality of aluminum alloy panels.
At present, in addition to traditional aluminum alloy metal materials, aluminum-based composite materials have been widely used in automobile lightweight manufacturing due to their advantages of low density, high strength, and high corrosion resistance. Compared with the traditional cast iron piston, the weight of the automobile engine piston is reduced by about 10%, while the heat dissipation performance is increased by 4 times. Restricted by price and product quality control, aluminum-based composites have not yet formed a large scale, but have shown their excellent performance on some auto parts.
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